Low-voltage and mild-hybrid batteries
A look at the smaller, low-voltage systems that run electronics and assist propulsion in non-full-electric models.
- 12-volt lead-acid starter batteries: the traditional power source for starting the internal combustion engine and powering vehicle electronics.
- 48-volt lithium‑ion battery packs: power mild-hybrid systems that enable auto start/stop, torque assist, and improved fuel efficiency.
These low-voltage systems help reduce fuel consumption, enable smoother engine restarts, and support accessories when the engine is off.
High-voltage traction batteries (EVs and PHEVs)
For Ford’s all-electric and plug-in models, Ford uses high-voltage lithium-ion battery packs sized to deliver the needed range and performance.
- High-energy-density lithium‑ion packs (commonly using nickel‑manganese‑cobalt or NMC, and sometimes nickel‑cobalt‑aluminum or NCA chemistries): these packs store energy for propulsion and vehicle systems in BEVs and PHEVs.
- Emerging use of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells in certain standard-range variants to reduce cost; these cells are sourced from major suppliers in selected markets.
The exact chemistry and supplier mix varies by model, market, and production year, reflecting Ford’s approach to balancing performance, range, and cost.
Older hybrids and historical notes
Earlier Ford hybrids relied on different chemistries, including nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) packs, though recent designs emphasize lithium-based systems for higher energy density and efficiency.
- Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries were used in some legacy Ford hybrid models, with newer hybrids increasingly favoring lithium-based chemistries.
As Ford updates its lineup, the battery chemistry used in hybrids continues to evolve toward more lithium-based solutions.
Summary
Ford employs a mix of battery technologies across its vehicles: 12V lead-acid for conventional cars, 48V lithium‑ion for mild hybrids, and high-voltage lithium‑ion packs for BEVs and PHEVs. In some markets, Ford is exploring LFP cells to reduce costs in standard-range variants, while NiMH has largely been phased out in newer hybrids. The exact chemistry and suppliers vary by model and region, underscoring Ford’s diversified, multi-supplier approach to battery technology.