The short answer: most modern Ford Explorers do not use power steering fluid because they rely on electric power steering (EPAS). Older Explorers, built before around 2011, used hydraulic power steering that required fluid. This article explains the difference, how to identify your model year, and what to do if you have steering issues.
Electric power steering: how it works today
Today’s Ford Explorers predominantly use electric power-assisted steering (EPAS). An electric motor provides the steering assist, controlled by sensors and an electronic control unit. This design eliminates the hydraulic pump, hoses and a dedicated power steering fluid reservoir, making routine fluid checks largely unnecessary on most newer models. If you own a 2011 model year or newer Explorer, you will typically not find a power steering fluid reservoir in the engine bay.
Model-year guidance
To help identify your Explorer’s steering system, use this year-by-year guide. Note that there can be regional or trim variations, but the following rules cover the vast majority of U.S.-market Explorers.
- Pre-2011 models: hydraulic power steering with a dedicated fluid reservoir that requires power steering fluid.
- 2011 and newer models: electric power steering (EPAS) with no separate power steering fluid reservoir in the engine bay.
Understanding the year-based difference can save you time when checking for fluid leaks, topping up fluid or diagnosing steering issues.
How to verify your Explorer’s steering system
If you’re not certain which system your Explorer uses, follow these steps to confirm in minutes.
- Open the hood and look for a power steering fluid reservoir. If you see a labeled reservoir with a cap such as "Power Steering Fluid," your vehicle most likely uses hydraulic PS.
- If there is no PS reservoir or the cap indicates an electric system, or you see the electric motor near the steering column, your Explorer uses EPAS.
- Consult the owner's manual or a Ford dealer service bulletin for your exact model year and trim. Some models may have optional steering setups or regional variations.
If you discover a reservoir but with low fluid, topping up may be required, but be mindful of the correct fluid type for your model year. When in doubt, have a qualified technician inspect the system to avoid contamination or mis-fueling with the wrong fluid.
What to do about steering problems
Whether hydraulic or electric, steering issues warrant prompt attention. Typical symptoms for hydraulic systems include a whining pump, stiffness, or leaks from the power steering lines. For EPAS, warning messages such as "Service Power Steering" or sudden loss of assist at various speeds can appear. If you notice any of these signs, schedule service with a Ford dealer or trusted shop to diagnose the problem and avoid unsafe driving conditions.
Regular inspection during maintenance visits helps catch leaks or sensor malfunctions early.
Summary
In short, Ford Explorer steering has shifted largely to electric power steering in the 2010s and beyond, which means no power steering fluid is used in most models. Pre-2011 Explorers rely on hydraulic power steering with fluid that should be checked and topped as needed. To be certain, check under the hood for a PS fluid reservoir or consult your owner's manual for the exact system on your year and trim. If you experience steering issues, have the system inspected promptly.